Who Are the Pashtun People of Afghanistan and Pakistan

With a population of at least 50 million, the Pashtun people are Afghanistans largest ethnic group​, and are also the second-largest ethnicity in Pakistan. They are also known as Pathans. Pashtun Culture Pashtuns are united by the Pashto language, which is a member of the Indo-Iranian language family, although many also speak Dari (Persian) or Urdu. One important aspect of traditional Pashtun culture is the code of Pashtunwali or Pathanwali, which sets out standards for individual and communal behavior. This code may date back to at least the second century B.C.E., although undoubtedly it has undergone some modifications in the past two thousand years. Some of the principles of Pashtunwali include hospitality, justice, courage, loyalty, and honoring women. Origins Interestingly, the Pashtuns do not have a single origin myth. Since DNA evidence shows that Central Asia was among the first places peopled after humans left Africa, the ancestors of the Pashtuns may have been in the area for an incredibly long time—so long that they no longer even tell stories of having come from someplace else. The Hindu origin story, the Rigveda, which was created as early as B.C.E. 1700, mentions a people called the Paktha who lived in what is now Afghanistan. It seems likely that the ancestors of the Pashtun have been in the area for at least 4,000 years, then, and probably far longer. Many scholars believe that the Pashtun people are descended from several ancestral groups. Likely the foundational population were of eastern Iranian origin and brought the Indo-European language east with them. They probably mixed with other peoples, including possibly the Kushans, the Hephthalites or White Huns, Arabs, Mughals, and others who passed through the area. Specifically, Pashtuns in the Kandahar region have a tradition that they are descended from the Greco-Macedonian troops of Alexander the Great, who invaded the area in B.C.E. 330. Pashtun History Important Pashtun rulers have included the Lodi Dynasty, which ruled Afghanistan and northern India during the Delhi Sultanate period (1206 to 1526 C.E.).  The Lodi Dynasty (1451 to 1526 C.E.) was the final of the five Delhi sultanates, and was defeated by Babur the Great, who founded the Mughal Empire. Up until the late nineteenth century C.E., outsiders generally just called the Pashtuns Afghans. However, once the nation of Afghanistan took its modern form, that word came to be applied to citizens of that country, regardless of their ethnic origin. The Pashtuns of Afghanistan and Pakistan had to be distinguished from other people in Afghanistan, such as the ethnic Tajiks, Uzbeks, and Hazara. The Pashtun Today Most Pashtuns today are Sunni Muslims, although a small minority are Shia. As a result, some aspects of Pashtunwali seem to derive from Muslim law, which was introduced long after the code first developed. For example, one important concept in Pashtunwali is the worship of a single god, Allah. After the Partition of India in 1947, some Pashtuns called for the creation of Pashtunistan, carved from the Pashtun-dominated areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan.  Although this idea remains alive among hardline Pashtun nationalists, it seems unlikely to come to fruition. Famous Pashtun people in history include the Ghaznavids, the Lodi family, who ruled the fifth iteration of the Delhi Sultanate, former Afghan president Hamid Karzai, and 2014  Nobel Peace Prize laureate Malala Yousafzai.

Hamlet and Horatio Best Friends for Life an Analysis of...

3 November 2009 Hamlet and Horatio Best Friends for Life: an Analysis of Hamlet In Hamlet, two characters I believe to be important are Hamlet and his friend, Horatio. Horatio is the second most important character in the play. Horatio is Hamlet’s best friend and advisor. Horatio never keeps anything from Hamlet. In Act one, scene one; Horatio, Bernardo, and Marcellus see the ghost of king Hamlet who was killed by his brother, Claudius. After the ghost disappears, Horatio tells Marcellus and Bernardo to reveal to Hamlet what they have seen. â€Å"†¦Let us impart what we have seen tonight Unto young Hamlet; for upon my life, This spirit, dumb to†¦show more content†¦O most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! It is not, nor it cannot come to good. But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongue.† ( Act 1, Scene 2). In Act two, Scene one, we see a hint of Hamlet’s love for Ophelia. In Act two, scene two, Hamlet doubts the spirit of his father, and thinks that his father could be telling the truth or telling a lie. He is not quite sure which is truth and which is false. We see that Hamlet has many questions as to what he could do to see if the ghost is telling the truth. He decides to put on a play with a scene that he has added. In Act three, scene one, we get a peek of how he seems to know everything. â€Å"Let the doors be shut upon him [Polonius], that he may play the fool nowhere but in’s own house. Farewell.† In this Act, he says things to Ophelia that I believe he does not mean, such as, â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery.’’ I believe he is saying what he says for the benefit of Polonius, Ophelia’s father. Polonius believes that Hamlet is mad, or insane. â€Å"Your noble son is mad.† Hamlet is abhorrent toward Claudius because Claudius killed his father. 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Yutaka Nakamura free essay sample

Yutaka Nakamura Case Study Case Summary Yutaka Nakamura is a 44 year old Japanese man who works in the sales department of a large electronics firm. 4 years ago, Yutaka and his family (Son: Kenichi, Daughter: Yukimi and Wife: Chizuru) were sent to work in a key subsidiary in California. After becoming accustomed to living in the United States, Yutakas time was up and it was time for him and his family to return to Japan. Although Yutaka and his family enjoyed their life in America, they were all excited to go home. Unfortunately, their return to Japan did not go as smooth as they had anticipated. The kids, Chizuru and Yutaka each had their own particular problems in adjusting back to life in Japan. The kids main problem with the return dealt with their education. Even though Kenichi and Yukimi spent weekends in special Japanese school, they were still somewhat behind in several key areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Yutaka Nakamura or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In particular, they were behind in math, science and written Japanese. Chizuru and Yutaka began to get phone calls home regarding their childrens struggles in the classroom from the schools teachers and administrators. In particular they claimed that Kenichi was unwilling to accept facts tated by the teachers and constantly wanted to the logic behind the various statements, he asked way too many questions during class and his teachers claimed that his memorization skills seemed to be quite poor. Yukimi, on the other hand, appeared to be adjusting a little easier than Kenichi but she claimed that her classmates were calling her Gaijin (which means foreigner in Japanese). Both Kenichi and Yukimi also claimed that their peers had been ridiculing them about some of their clothes that they had purchased while they were living in California. Chizuru also faced problems adjusting back to life in Japan. It had taken her about a year to get used to life in California, but now that she has returned to Japan she missed many things about her life in California. What she missed most about the United States was the parities she and Yutaka would attend/host at their house. Her role during parties in California was extremely different than her role during parties in Japan. In California she and Yutaka would host the party together and throughout the night their guests would comment about how lovely her house was, how wonderful the dinner was and beautiful she looked. In Japan they rarely had people ver and when they did she was more of a waitress than a host. When she had first returned to Japan, Chizuru had tried to re-establish relationships with her friends she had before her family and her went to the United States. However, Chizurus friends completely gave her the cold shoulder. Whenever she tried to tell them about stories and things she had experienced in California, her friends quickly seemed disinterested and on some occasions accused her of showing off. This deeply hurt Chizuru. Despite her own difficulties, Chizuru often felt depressed about her hildrens difficulties that they were having in school. On top of that she felt that her Yutaka had in Japan. Other than all of his familys hardships, incidents big and small had taken a toll on Yutaka since his return to Japan. Since his return he often had trouble sleeping, had a poor appetite, and often had throbbing headaches. Yutakas life at work and his life at home had both been suffering since his return. At home; Sunday was his only free day and on his free day all he wanted to do was sleep, all he received was complaints from the family about his unwillingness to spend time with them. It seemed as if no matter what he did, someone was complaining. At work, not long after his return home to Japan, he was reading a Newsweek on the train into work Just as he had often done before his assignment to America. However, once he had gotten to his office, several of his peers chided him for showing off his language skills and reading an English magazine instead of reading one of the more traditional Japanese news magazines. He was also frustrated about the slow decision making process in Japan. In the United States everything was much faster paced and he had more authority nd responsibility. Back in Japan, even with simple decisions he had to Jump through hoops and talk to multiple people to resolve the problem (which he felt was unnecessary). Yutaka and his family are now faced with some tough decisions to make. Should they stay in Japan or should Yutaka request another overseas assignment? If they decide to stay in Japan; what are they going to do about Kenichis and Yukimis problems in school? What can they do about their suffering family life at home? And what is Yutaka going to do about his deficiencies at work?

The Influence Of Religion On Society Essays - Christianity, Religion

The Influence Of Religion On Society Ever since the dawn of the 16th Century, much of the European countries were controlled or greatly affected by reining religions. Throughout much of history, the dominating Roman Catholic Church was the major cause of battles and wars. This was especially a causing factor of the Thirty-Year's War in Western Europe. Many rulers used religion as an excuse to disturb the peace and take control of another country. During those times, religions were used as force. Whenever the Emperor or Empress of a different belief inherits or steps into power, their whole country is officially under their religion. (Modern World History, Unit 2) The most significant religion change came when Henry VII of England wanted to divorce to have a boy. The pope denied this right, thus leaving him without a heir. Acting as a very desperate man, he banned the Catholic Church and became Protestant. (Modern World History, 51) Church is where everybody, poor and rich gather for a prayers. Sometimes people go to church for salvation and a passage to heaven. Unfortunately the Roman Catholic Church took advantage of those people, taking money from people to be forgiven by God. Indulgences occurred during the time of Pope Leo X whereas people paid large sums of money to the clergymen for the clergy's own well being. Adding to the fact, popes of the Roman Catholic Church had the luxury of eating well, dressing well and hunting; which disturbed many people to see the head of the church act this way. This upset many people, thus lead to the Reformation. (Martin Luther: Saint and Sinner, 70) The Reformation, as it was know began when a scholar, Martin Luther saw follies of religious and moral deficiencies of certain sections of the clergy of the Holy Roman Empire in Germany in 1517. However, the reformation was much influenced by political and economic factors. The sale of indulgences to gain salvation gave large sums of money, most of which contributed to the wealth of the clergy. ( http://members.aol.com/RAToepfer/webdoc7x.htm) In the meanwhile, there was a growing reaction of princes and jurists against the materialism of the papacy and the growing wealth of the clergy in Germany. Action came about, the princes and jurists revolted changing their religion to Lutheranism. More so did it help the wealthy than the paupers did. (Martin Luther: Saint and Sinner, 134) The German nobles adopted the new ideas of the Lutheran doctrine that enabled them to appropriate Church property, challenging the authority of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, thus challenging the right of ownership of land. The acquisition of land and church was synonymous. ( http://members.aol.com/RAToepfer/webdoc7x.htm) If the German noble was of Lutheran persuasion, it was then decreed that all of his subjects were Lutheran. Therefore, all of the tithe made by the subjects would be paid to the noble. In addition, churches and cathedrals that were formerly Catholic was confiscated, and became the property of the Nobles. All former Holy Roman church property, and all of the subjects, were gained as property of the Nobility, thus increasing their wealth and power. ( http://members.aol.com/RAToepfer/webdoc7x.htm) Meanwhile in the science community during 1564-1642, Galileo had found out that many previously held beliefs about nature to be false. One of the most important was that the universe revolved around the Earth. This brings Galileo into conflict with the Church because many of these deceits were part of church dogma. He denies that psychological knowledge can be studied scientifically thereby preventing the development of psychology. Galileo showed that several of Aristotle's truths to be false and, by using a telescope. He extended the known number of bodies in the solar system to 11. Galileo also argued that science could deal only with objective reality and that because human perceptions were subjective, they were outside the realm of science. The Church found this very disturbing, thus forced him to deny himself the truth and put him under house arrest. After 4 centuries, we have proved that Galileo was right. The Pope apologized sometime in the 1930s. (http://wizard.ucr.edu/~kmcne ill/psy575/15-1700.htm) In 1571 the pope called on all Catholic princes to take up arms against the Ottoman Empire. So King Philip II of Spain acted immediately sending two hundred

Free Essays on Bi-polar Disorder

Stress has been building on Stacy for months. Struggling to finish up her thesis for her masters program, while vigorously searching for a research job is taking its toll. It doesn’t ever seem like this rat race will be over for her. She has already been diagnosed for clinical depression years ago in high school, but for the most part the Prozac has helped her get by. Finally, she gets back an email for one of the top jobs on her list. It looks like she will be getting this position, and start work in a few weeks. But its crunch time to get her thesis done and she still has a lot of work to do. It isn’t helping any that her advisers tack on dozens of corrections for her to do with each draft she turns in. Distressed with all this shit, the boiling point finally approaches. The weed isn’t helping her calm down anymore, it just seems to add to her anxiety and paranoia. She hasn’t slept but four hours in three days, just staying cooped up in her apartment in front of the computer. What first seemed to be some mild â€Å"cabin fever† has escalated to something more serious. She has been stewing over her new job, calculating how much money it will bring her, and already planning major purchases even though she has not even started yet. She figures she will need a new automobile to go along with her newly employed status. A 2002 BMW roadster has been a key choice for her. The thirty thousand dollar price tag will be easy to cover if she shops around for a low interest loan, and she should be able to pay it off in a couple of years. She has already been around to a number of scumbag dealers in the area to test drive the car and talk price. Her credit is great so none of the dealers are suspicious of the potential customer. Her roommate has been out of town for the week, so she has been mostly alone to concoct these grandiose schemes without a voice of reason to console her. Her boyfriend has been suspicious of he... Free Essays on Bi-polar Disorder Free Essays on Bi-polar Disorder Stress has been building on Stacy for months. Struggling to finish up her thesis for her masters program, while vigorously searching for a research job is taking its toll. It doesn’t ever seem like this rat race will be over for her. She has already been diagnosed for clinical depression years ago in high school, but for the most part the Prozac has helped her get by. Finally, she gets back an email for one of the top jobs on her list. It looks like she will be getting this position, and start work in a few weeks. But its crunch time to get her thesis done and she still has a lot of work to do. It isn’t helping any that her advisers tack on dozens of corrections for her to do with each draft she turns in. Distressed with all this shit, the boiling point finally approaches. The weed isn’t helping her calm down anymore, it just seems to add to her anxiety and paranoia. She hasn’t slept but four hours in three days, just staying cooped up in her apartment in front of the computer. What first seemed to be some mild â€Å"cabin fever† has escalated to something more serious. She has been stewing over her new job, calculating how much money it will bring her, and already planning major purchases even though she has not even started yet. She figures she will need a new automobile to go along with her newly employed status. A 2002 BMW roadster has been a key choice for her. The thirty thousand dollar price tag will be easy to cover if she shops around for a low interest loan, and she should be able to pay it off in a couple of years. She has already been around to a number of scumbag dealers in the area to test drive the car and talk price. Her credit is great so none of the dealers are suspicious of the potential customer. Her roommate has been out of town for the week, so she has been mostly alone to concoct these grandiose schemes without a voice of reason to console her. Her boyfriend has been suspicious of he...

Depletion of Ozone Layer essays

Depletion of Ozone Layer essays The issue of whether the people of the world have exaggerated the threat of the ozone depletion has been widely debated. It is an important issue because it concerns health and well being now and tomorrow. A variety of different arguments have been put forward about this issue. Because air pollution is greatly affecting the ozone, America needs to take immediate steps to stop ozone depletion. This essay will examine different arguments concerning the ozone layer. Ozone is a highly irritant gas, which is formed in our atmosphere in the presence of sunlight from other air pollutants, including nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. These precusor pollutants, which cause the formation of ozone, are emitted by pollution sources. The adverse health consequences of breathing ozone at levels below the current U.S. National ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 120 parts per billion are serious and well documented. Observational epidemiology studies have shown compelling and consistent evidence of adverse effects by ozone below the current standards. Considering the published results from various cities, the EPA analysis under predicts the respiratory hospital admission benefits of their proposed regulations. Airway inflammation in the lung is among the serious effects that have been demonstrated by controlled human studies of the ozone at levels typically experienced by most Americans. Exposures to ozone and particulate matter air pollutio n have been linked to medically significant adverse health effects. The current NAAQS for these pollutants are not sufficiently protective of public health. Both the ozone and particulate matter standards have vast implications for the equality of life and the economy of the United States. The vast majority of Americans support improving and enhancing the quality of their life by eliminating or decreasing air pollution. Americans are quite w ...

Critical Thinking - Applying Evidence To Practice Essay

Critical Thinking - Applying Evidence To Practice - Essay Example 112). Smoking has been regarded as the single largest cause of preventable deaths in UK with passive smoking claimed to be taking away between 1000 and 16000 lives on non-smokers annually. Various nations including UK have enacted legislations prohibiting smoking in public places (Webber, 2011). The goal of such laws is to protect non-smokers from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke. However, there is concern about the welfare of the district nurses and other health care providers because these legislations do not cover them. Second-hand smoking is of major concern in this study because people who get exposed to it suffer involuntary unlike in the smokers who smoke at their will (Whitehead & Irvine, 2010). Its causes and effects are widely known and the menace can be prevented or reduced to a greater extent through massive campaign and implementation of proper policies to create awareness among the public. Therefore, employers should come up with policies to protect the nurse worke rs against exposure to second-hand smoking when they visit the patients in their homes. Tobacco smoke contains over 4000 chemical particles of which about 250 are toxic to a human being, and about 69 have carcinogenic effects. It has been termed as the leading single cause of death of human beings around the globe (Pearson, Field & Jordan, 2006, p 153). Exposure to smoking claims about 5 million people annually across the globe. Between 1964 and 2014, there were more than 20 million death cases related to smoking in US out of which 2.5 million occurred to non-smokers and were associated with exposure to secondary smoking. Each year smoking kills about 120,000 people in UK of which more than 11,000 die from second hand smoking (Law & MacDermid, 2013). People get exposed to second-hand smoking in various places such as the workplace, at home and

Rainbow Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rainbow Design - Essay Example Rainbow Design appears to be a rather fluid organization, considering that it is involved in supplying a highly creative, uniquely designed service product.     Such firms cannot rely on organizational structures that are more appropriate for batch processing, standardized products. There are three general organizational structures: the functional, the divisional, and the matrix organizations. The functional organization, the most traditional of the three, is structured according to business functions, while the divisional organization may be organized along product, customer or geographic divisions. The matrix organization, on the other hand, has the flexibility of an overlap of functional and divisional forms. (Bateman & Snell, 2005, pp. 257-262). A diagram of the typical matrix organization follows on next page: In the Rainbow Design firm, it is apparent that persons each performing a separate function were grouped together to accomplish one web design project for a single customer. The group is composed of a junior content designer (Laura), and account manager (Teresa), a technical developer (John), and a creative director (Amber). In the above diagram, the group relationship could be exemplified by the lowest row, where three staff positions (Laura, Teresa and John) and one project manager (Amber) are grouped together to accomplish one project. The greatest advantage of the matrix organization is the exploration of synergies among creative individuals working at the same project such as in Rainbow Design, simplifying communication and enhancing coordination among them. Rainbow’s personnel work in groups, a group being â€Å"Any number of people who interact with each other, are psychologically aware of each other, and who perceive themselves to be a group† (Schein) and â€Å"who interact to fulfil a common goal† (Bowditch & Buono). Within the Rainbow Design matrix organization, groups called project teams become the vehicle by which the design product is created. A team is simply a group with a specific work purpose, and for Rainbow the work purpose is the creation of a web design to the client’s liking.  

The Music of the Night Essay Example for Free

The Music of the Night Essay In operas, either people love them or hate them. Play and song writer Andrew Lloyd Webber portrays a new light on opera in the famous musical The Phantom of the Opera. In scene five of the musical where the Phantom of the Paris Opera House sings a romantic melody entitled â€Å"The Music of The Night† to the orphaned ballerina dancer Christine Daae, he is telling her to â€Å"Close [her] eyes and surrender to [her]/ darkest dreams!/ Purge [her] thoughts of the life/ [she] knew before!† (12-15). He is basically telling her to live up to her dreams and for her not to let her past hold her back. The Phantom knows that Christine looks up to him as her guide; she calls him â€Å"The Angel of Music†. When her father was alive when she was younger he was a famous violinist and he told her repeatedly that a guardian called â€Å"The Angel of Music† would look after her if he wasn’t able to (Christine’s Character). Christine’s father fell ill and died when she was only seven years old and she was taken in by a family friend that spent a great time at the Opera House—that is where her career started to begin. Christine Daae had troubles and tried to forget about them, but the Phantom knew that it isnt easy to forget someone you once had close to you; and he knew it was affecting her talent. When he sang to her, he reassured her by letting her know that she should â€Å"turn [her] thoughts away from cold, unfeeling light† meaning that when she starts to think about heartbreaking and miserable thoughts, she needs to stop (9-10). In the following lines 24-28, he lets her know that she needs to, â€Å"Open up [her] mind, Let her fantasies unwind, In this darkness which, [She] knows [she] cannot fight- The darkness of the music of the night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thus, letting her know that even though it is hard to overcome her troubled past, she should bring out her emotions in her performance when she listens to any harmony of music; he knows that in every musical number, there is darkness behind it someway, somehow and she can portray it with beauty and grace. The Phantom believes in her and looks after her just like her father said that an â€Å"Angel of Music† would. The Phantom lets Christine truly believe this by hearing him sing this ballad; trying to show her that she can let her dream begin at anytime, but only she, herself, can let her darker side give in to the power of the music (39-41). So, he uses the word â€Å"garish† in the song, which means, according to an online dictionary, crudely or tastelessly colorful, showy, or elaborate (Garish define). He is stating that the â€Å"garish light of day† can be misleading and that she should just focus on the music of the night (8). The Phantom makes the night life sound very appealing by the introducing lines of the song: â€Å"Night-time sharpens, Heightens each sensation Darkness stirs and wakes imagination Silently the senses abandon their defenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1-4) He is showing her that at night fall imagination stirs and bubbles forth no matter who the person is. They recognize feelings at night time, before, that at times they may have never felt, therefore pushing one’s imagination towards how they feel. For example, in Christine’s situation, she may have never really put much thought towards how much she really misses her father and why it is holding her back from achieving more in her life. As she has some time alone at night to think, to dream, she is able to have time to search her inner most thoughts and reflect her life and imagine what it could have been if her father was still around. That can bring out her senses, her defenses are then abandoned, and she has just discovered a little of what makes her connect with the music of the night. Christine  needs to not live with feelings that overshadow her life and she should start a journey through this new experience. All-in-all, the song â€Å"The Music of The Night† is about us getting in touch with our imagination and us embracing our feelings. Andrew Lloyd Webber fully captivated audiences around the world and made them take hold of their mind’s eye and their senses. The music in this chilling masterpiece is mind opening in which one can let their fantasies take flight. When listening to the song and fully taking in it’s meaning, a person, such as me, can really let the beautiful lyrics flow loudly out of the boom box speakers and into the thoughts of my life. So, like Christine, the Phantom was reassuring her that in the end â€Å"[She] alone can make [his] song take flight-/ help [him] make the music of the night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (42-43). Only she is capable of accepting the help from â€Å"The Angel of Music† and the help from herself as she tries to use her imagination and the sensation that the night brings to help her over come the feelings that affect her perfo rmance on the stage and in her everyday life. Even though her father had passed, she found what she thinks to be â€Å"The Angel of Music† and she is now following her fathers wish, yet she is finding herself along the way. That is what is best for her, to keep moving forward with her life while achieving her dreams.

Martin Luther King :: essays research papers

April 12, 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Lewis, Martin Luther King, JR’s goals and tactics can be divided into two periods, before Selma and after. The first period is distinguished by a decade of pioneering protest tactics in use to accomplish conventional citizenship rights for Afro-Americans. The second, less than three tumultuous years, was a time of nontraditional tactics in search of progressively more fundamental goals for the larger society. The first was moderately triumphant, but its accomplishment highlighted what yet lingered to be done before the poor, the powerless, and the racially disadvantaged could begin to attain equality of opportunity in America (Lewis, 245).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second period was distinct by comparative disappointment, and its heritage was the foresight of political power and economic welfare upon the poor, the powerless, and the racially disadvantaged. In the first period, King and his allies brought about the beginning of the violated community. In the second, the distant prospect of their adored society disappeared at Memphis. The magnitude of the decade ending with Selma was in the extensive repercussion of the protest (Lewis, 245).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther King, JR was chosen as leader for the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) over many other civil rights activists. Not only was he probably the best person to lead their boycott, but he was the person â€Å"best suited to become the leader of the larger struggle for racial rights† (Lewis, 246) . For the Montgomery’s Afro-Americans, in order to resist successfully, it must be nonviolent and passive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1956, King, along with several allies, entered a public bus in front of his house. It was the start of community harmony. Inspired by King’s personal courage, despite â€Å"jeopardized jobs, intimidation by the Ku Klux Klan, and harassment by the police and bombsâ€Å" (Lewis, 246). A city regulation was called upon to ban organized taxi transport of bus boycotters. With money raised in the vicinity and from gradually increasing donations from national labor, libertarian, and religious organizations, the MIA bought many vehicles. The city wanted and got an accusation of King and more than eight other MIA members for planning to intervene with standard business activity. Sentencing by the Montgomery court and appeal to the federal courts followed. Just as MIA leaders awaited the expected unfavorable decision from the municipal court on November 13, â€Å"the U.S. Supreme Court decreed Alabama’s state and local laws enforcing segregation on buses unconstitutional† (Lewis, 246) .

Based System for Sales, Marketing and Customer Information Essay

We propose a new cloud based system that will compile all of the past sales and marketing information and current customer contacts and needs. This system will allow employees from all areas and locations access to marketing tools and sales data. The components needed to use the new cloud system are Clients which is computer hardware and software that relies on the cloud for application and other Cloud services. The other services could not run without the help of Cloud computing. The second is Services; this is a software system that is designed to support machine-to-machine communication through a network. Next is Application; this helps the Cloud in the software architecture, this often eliminates the need to install and run the application on the costumers own computer. Platform facilitates deployment of applications without the cost of complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. Storage is the delivery of data storage as a service. Then there is infrastructure; this is the delivery of computer infrastructure as a service. All of these components are very important to the new system of cloud we are creating to better Riordan. The data requirements can be simply updated with a downloadable software update that will come with the program to make it simpler to install. The only things that will be needed while using this software are access to the internet and an external hard drive. The hard drive will ensure that it will not take up too much memory from the internal hard drive as it has a large amount of memory. Using the software is simple and easy to learn. It can be a little hard if one does not have proper knowledge of the internet. In order to be able to download this program the proper way without any add-ons of viruses, one would have to have the knowledge of the internet and to be able to download programs. The last thing that will help when using out software, is knowing how to use an external hard drive and how to hook it into the computer. The new cloud system uses more memory then our last version making an external hard drive a little more needed. These requirements will make using the software as simple and will help any company track sales and other financial information. Riordan would be able to manage data, text, and document management as a communication simplicity tool. As in any company, data is an informational asset that brings in earnings, investing in data management. Simply spoken, it helps to raise customer relationship management (CRM), while cutting expenses. This type of database will enable increased speeds for locating the products the customers want. It will reduce, considerably, the unauthorized purchases, and improve the efficiency in the operation, helping to also reduce errors in customer purchases. Part of the restructuring, would involve a need for Riordan implement consolidating software applications for all of the branches. The security of this software and concerns are the same as any software. As long as the company sticks to the policy there should not be any problems. We have made sure that this program is safe and secure. The data will be protected as long as the computers and users are safe with Virus protectors that are installed. So far we have not seen any flaws within the program as long as it is used properly. Any ethical concerns should be addressed to our company so we can make sure they are fixed and made sure that the data is safe and secure. This system can be used with mobile devices such as smart phones and any smart tablet. We have made this possible to help companies who travel a lot and cannot always be around a computer. We added this in to help make tracking a simpler step for all companies who use our system. Because the system as a whole carries far too much data for smart phones and tablets, we have created an app that can be downloaded with a smaller call for storage. This will help to not take up too much storage on smaller devices.

R.M.’s symptoms Essay

1. Compare her VS with those of a healthy person at her same age. R.M.’s temperature is low: 96.8 F and normal range is 97.8 -99 F R.M.’s blood pressure is elevated: 142/84 and normal range is 120/80 R.M.’s heart rate is low: 52 and normal range is 60-100 R.M.’s respiratory rate is on the low end of normal: 12 and normal range is 12-25. 2. List eight general questions you might ask R.M. to assist in determining what is going on with her. Does your family history of thyroid, adrenal, or pituitary disease? Have your menstrual periods been altered? What have your sleep patterns been like? Have you been exceptionally nervous? How has your appetite been over the past 6 months Have you had weight fluctuation over the past 6 months Is there a history of diabetes in your family? Have you had any radiation therapy to your head and or neck? 3. You know that potential causes for some of R.M.’s symptoms include depression, hypothyroidism, anemia, cardiac disease, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and allergies. As part of your screening procedures, describe how you would begin to investigate which of these conditions probably do not account for R.M.’s symptoms. As part of screening procedure, e began our investigation by focusing on auscultation of the heart and lung sounds for sign and symptoms of cardiac disease or problem. However, there are no abnormalities present with R.M.’s heart. According to R.M.’s symptoms, it is clear that she does not have any signs of cardiac disease, symptoms of allergies, and fluid and electrolyte imbalance. R.M. has symptoms of hypothyroidism, anemia, and depression. 4. Unnecessary diagnostic tests are expensive. What tests do you think would  be the most appropriate for R.M., and why? We think that thyroxine, (T4), and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) will be appropriate for R.M. because this test will confirm the diagnosis of thyroid failure. Cholesterol levels need to be checked and also other blood tests needs to be performed to detect levels of calcitonin, calcium, prolactin, and thyroglobulin and check for anemia and liver function. All these tests can be affected by hypothyroidism. 5. Interpret R.M.’S laboratory results. 6. The family practitioner affirms a diagnostic of hypothyroidism. With this diagnosis, what other signs and symptoms would you want to investigate? Other signs and symptoms we would want to investigate include impaired memory, depression, elevated blood cholesterol level, irregular menstrual periods, and stiffness or swelling in the joints (Mayo, 2014). http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/basics/symptoms/con-20021179 7. The family practitioner prescribes levothyroxine (Synthroid) 1.7 mcg/Kg body weigh/day. At this time. R.M. weighs 130 pounds. What should be her daily dose of Levothyroxine in milligrams? How would her prescription read?

Keynesianism vs Neorealism

Keynesianism vs Neorealism There are a lot of different approaches which help consider the economical and political situations in the world, connect the realities and help solve some problems. The economical theories are created with the purpose to help the country to solve the issues either social or economical.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Keynesianism vs Neorealism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the theories are effective, others are not. Still, each of the existing economical theories helps the development of the economy in the country and impact the urban state of affairs. Comparing and contrasting the Keynesianism and Neorealism theories, it should be stated that they are directed at different principles of economics development and therefore impact various spheres which help the economics of the country function appropriately. Moreover, the spheres of impact are different, which influences the scope of the considered themes . The main idea of Keynesianism is as following. The market economics does not have the features of balance which ensures the full employment. The main reason for this is the intention to conserve the part of the income which leads to the fact that the aggregate demand is lower than the aggregate supply. It is impossible to overcome the tendency to economy. That is why the government should regulate the economy by means of influencing the economics of the country by means of the effect on the aggregate demand applying to one of the following measures, increasing of the monetary stock, decreasing the interest rate which leads to the stimulation of the investment activity. The lack of the demand should be compensated by means of the public works and budget financing. Referencing the discussed theory to the ecological problem in the cities, the following examples of an ecological Keynesianism should be considered, â€Å"the state’s use of transfer and investment measures so as to accelerate the shift from reliance on fossil fuels towards reliance on renewable energy; state intervention to discourage incineration of waste, and to enhance reliance on recycling; and conversion of military production facilities into units which produce for the sustenance of life on earth.† (Custers 173). Considering the effect of the Keynesianism on the urban economy, the full employment and increased resources of planning and redevelopment are to be mentioned. The government should play the vital role in the economics of each state and city (Dilworth 55).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dwelling upon the advantages and disadvantages of applying to this theory in practice van der Burg refers to increase of the private or government consumption aimed at helping the country to increase the production and employment fast. However, one of the main disadvant ages in this case is the raise of the government debt which creates the circumstances for deterioration in the balance of payments (van der Burg 141). Shifting to the discussion of the Neorealism, it should be stated that this theory was then reaction to the deficit of the classical realism. One of the principal characteristics of the Neorealism is the consideration of the international relationships and world economics as two different notions (however, these items are considered as equal terms in Keynesianism). The international relationships are based on the relationships between the states and t is believed to be the holistic system which functions on the basis of the particular laws. At the same time, the world economics is considered to be the interconnection of the non-state participants. Neorealism refers to the state as to the central participant of the economic relations. The government should control all the aspects of economics and interfere into the city’s ones ( Baldwin 148). The state is the head and all the smaller formations are to subordinate to it. Moreover, one should understand that this is about the state politics and there is no such a head in the world economics and international relationships. The main difference between the Keynesianism and Neorealism theories is that Keynesianism considers the urban economy as the central one and the state should act in the interests of each city separately, while the main idea of the Neorealism theories is the subordination of the cities to the state and the business implementation under the interests of the government. The stress of the head is made on different centers and it may change the perception of the whole economy. What is meant is that Neorealists â€Å"argue that all states aim to acquire power and that state cooperation can therefore only be temporary, based on a common opposition to a third country† (May, Rosecrance, and Steiner 1). In conclusion, it should be stated tat e ach of the theories was developed under the particular circumstances and the conditions in the whole world generally and one particular state in particular. The implementation of each of the theories in the modern world in their pure condition is impossible as the economy has changed and there are no conditions necessary for applying to any of the theories successfully.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Keynesianism vs Neorealism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Keynesianism and Neorealism are the theories which have different features and direction in their functioning. However, they are both directed at the improvement of the economic relations in the world. Baldwin, David Allen. New Directions in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. Print. Custers, Peter. The Tasks Of Keynesianism Today: Green New Deals As Transition Towards A Zero Growth Economy?. New Political Science 32.2 (2010): 173-191. Print. Dilworth, Richardson. The City in American Political Development. New York: Taylor Francis, 2009. Print. May, Ernest R., Rosecrance, Richard and Zara Steiner. History and Neorealism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate van der Burg, Tsjalle. Keynesianism In Practice: The Case For Government Support For Sustainable Energy Projects. Public Policy Research 17.3 (2010): 141-146.

How Many Zeros in a Billion A Million A Trillion

How Many Zeros in a Billion A Million A Trillion SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wondering how many zeros are in a billion? A trillion? A nonillion? Whether you’ve recently won the lottery and are trying to make sure your bank account has the correct number of zeros or you’re simply trying to find an easy way to understand how many zeros are in large numbers (over a million), this is the article for you. We’ll break down an easy trick for figuring out how many zeros are in large numbers and provide a handy chart for easy reference. How Many Zeros in a Trillion? How Large Numbers Are Made The digit zero (0) is important for counting large numbers. The larger the number is, the more zeros it has. Starting at 1,000, large numbers have groups of 0s in them. Every time you jump up to the next level of number, another 0 is added. The number one thousand has three 0s in it (1,000). The number 10,000 has four 0s in it (10,000). The number one hundred thousand has five 0s in it (100,000). The number one million has six 0s in it (1,000,000). Every time you have a full group of three zeros, like in one million (1,000,000), you use a comma to separate them. How Many Zeros in a Million? How Many Zeros in a Billion? Reference Chart Here’s how numbers from 100,000 to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (nonillion) look when written out with the correct groups of three 0s. Name Number of Zeros Written Out One Thousand 3 1,000 Ten Thousand 4 10,000 One Hundred Thousand 5 100,000 One Million 6 1,000,000 Billion 9 1,000,000,000 Trillion 12 1,000,000,000,000 Quadrillion 15 1,000,000,000,000,000 Quintillion 18 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 Sextillion 21 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Septillion 24 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Octillion 27 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Nonillion 30 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 How to Figure Out How Many Zeros in a Million Trying to figure out how many zeros should be in a large number? Each large number always adds a zero to the number immediately preceding it, starting at 1,000. 1,000 has three zeros. That means that the next large number, ten thousand (10,000), has four zeros. The same goes when you get into the millions. One million has six zeros (1,000,000). Ten million has seven zeros (10,000,000). One hundred million has eight zeros (100,000,000). When you make the jump from one large number to the next designation (for instance, from one million to one billion), you’ll add a group of three zeros. One million has six zeros (1,000,000), while one billion has nine zeros (1,000,000,000). Recap: How Many Zeros in a Billion? Zero the most important digit for creating large numbers. Large numbers above 100,000 have groups of three zeros separated by commas. A million has six zeros, a billion has nine, and a trillion has 12. What’s Next? Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Learning about natural logs? Check out our guide on the natural log rules you must know to ace this subject. What is dynamic equilibrium and what does it have to do with rusty cars? Find out by reading our complete guide to dynamic equilibrium.

Are Long-Distance Relationships Successful Research Paper

Are Long-Distance Relationships Successful - Research Paper Example For humans, romantic relationships form an essential component of emotional development and meeting emotional needs. A healthy relationship can help a person to develop a sense of self and of loving and caring for another person. Within romantic relationships, there are often periods where the partners become geographically separated. This results in a long-distance relationship (LDR), where the couple attempts to maintain their emotional closeness despite the physical distance. Long-distance relationships are a form of relationship that is becoming more common for a variety of reasons. For couples where one or both individuals are studying at the university between 25 percent and one-third of the relationships are long distance. Additionally, LDRs can form through sources such as internet dating sites where the couple has not met and continue their relationship for some time without meeting. Consequently, the types of LDRs vary, with some couples having periodic face-to-face interac tion, while others have none. Long-distance relationships differ substantially from normal relationships for a number of reasons. The separation from one's partner can create psychological stresses; these vary depending on the strength of the relationship between the two individuals and the ability to adapt. In a long-distance relationship, both partners have much more time to themselves, less communication and substantially less physical contact than a couple who is not geographically separated. There is the risk that while separated by distance, the partners in the relationship become somewhat idealized, and see only the best side of each other. Research indicates that couples that have a long-distance relationship are restricted in the communication that they are able to have, and tend to be more idealized about their partner than couples that are not separated by distance. This can result in significant disillusion or disappointment when the partners reunite which may eventually result in the dissolution of the relationship. There are a number of ways in which an LDR may be less stable than the couple who are close geographically. A study examining LDRs and reunions found that although LDRs were significantly more stable than relationships where the partners were not separated. However, partners who were in an LDR were likely to dissolve the relationship on their reunion. This indicates that the LDR creates a relationship that is not resilient to change. Around half of all LDRs experience the transition from long-distance to close proximity, while the other half choose to end their relationship during the long-distance period. Of those relationships where individuals did reunite, a third terminated the relationship within three months of the reunion. Reasons given for ending the relationship included the loss of the novelty and autonomy that partners experienced during the LDR. A comparison of LDRs and relationships that were not long distance found that p eople not in an LDR were more confident that the relationship would last.

The Heiress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Heiress - Essay Example By giving the buttons to Morris, I believe she was ending the relationship between her and Morris. I think the button symbolizes greed by Morris, as well as generosity of Catherine. This is a decision she makes with finality. The effect of bringing Catherine as a bold lady who was timid at the beginning of the play creates more realism to the play. I believe the actions of Catherine in the last scene were more definitive on liberation rather than an absolute bitterness reaction. She also appears to have begun to resemble her father through understanding the reality of what she went through. From the body language, voice and attitude, it becomes apparent that Catherine completely transformed at the end of the play. This play empowers women. It highlights on liberation from stifling relationships. Catherine appears strong enough to lead her own life without Morris as she ascends with a dreamy smile. The desertion of Morris and Catherine’s father’s rejection of him makes it conclusive that Catherine’s father was

The State's Tort claims Act in California Research Paper

The State's Tort claims Act in California - Research Paper Example However, it is not everybody that is qualified to file a claim. There are steps that need to be followed in order to file a claim successfully. There are some basic information that must be in a typical claim form. One should also note that there are strict timelines that are set by the California Tort Claims Act and this claims act must be duly followed. Introduction The California State Torts Claims Act stipulates under sections 810-996.6 that before a lawsuit for money damages is brought against a government entity, there must have been a written claim that must have been drafted and presented within the 6-month timeframe and there are usually no exceptions to this rule (Fowler & Fleming, 1968). This means that, one must be very conscious of the fact that they must have filed their cases within a particular frame of time as this would help to keep their options open. A resident of California that has been injured by the government must consider filing a claim even though, they do not intend to sue the government at the moment as this would help to protect their rights as citizens of the state and keep their options of suing the government open in the nearest future. In the tort claims act in California, there are certain procedures that must be followed when a claim is filed against a governmental entity for damages. These procedures actually depend on the type of action that the aggrieved party is presenting before the court of law. One must try to find out from a reputable attorney on the applicable procedure for the claims and the timeframe that they must make the claim as the procedures followed usually depends on the type of damages done. Recognizing when it is necessary to file a claim The government of California might be sued for several reasons. One of the reasons that a citizen of California sues the government is if, the government has violated their fundamental human rights. Other reasons that it becomes necessary to sue the government are if, th e governmental entity is responsible for a death, damage to property or physical injury. If a resident of California is injured by the government, this injury is called a ‘tort’ and the claim that is filed is called the, â€Å"tort claim†, and the person filing this tort claim is usually the injured person and is usually called, the â€Å"claimant.† Thus, the California government code 905, 905.2 stipulates that in order to get money from the government for damages, the claimant must file a tort claim from the governmental entity (Fowler & Fleming, 1968). People that are qualified to file a claim The only person or persons that are qualified to file a claim are person(s) that are filing claims on behalf of themselves or on behalf of someone that was injured. However, a clarification has to be made as to what constitutes an injury. An injury in this case does not necessarily have to be a physical injury, it can be violations on the fundamental human rights of the claimant or damage to the possession of the claimant. This clarification is made under the California Government Code section 910, 910.2 (Fowler & Fleming, 1968). Steps to take to file a claim successfully The California State Government Code section 915 (a) stipulates that a person that is filing a claim against a local government entity or county

Caring for populations Essay Example for Free

Caring for populations Essay Introduction A community health nurse must be effective in targeting the population as a whole. The nurse will determine the needs for the community by using the data compiled from a windshield survey. As stated in the text, â€Å"A population focus also involves a scientific approach to community health nursing: an assessment of the community or population is necessary and basic to planning, intervention, and evaluation for the individual, family, aggregate, and population levels† (Nies McEwen, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to establish a priority health problem of the community of Harlingen, based on demographic, epidemiological data and a windshield survey of the area. Community The community assessment for this project is Harlingen, Texas. According to the 2010 United States Census Bureau, its population is about 64,918 of which 47.8% are male and 52.2% are female. The density is approximately 1629.1 residents per square mile. The racial makeup is 1.0% Black or African American, 79.5% Hispanic or Latino, 18.0% White, 1.9% from two or more races, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Native American. The median household income, 2008-2012 was $34,096 in Harlingen, compared to $51,563 in the state of Texas. The percentage of persons below poverty level from 2008-2012 was 33.2% in Harlingen, compared to 17.4% in Texas. The city of Harlingen is in the center of the Rio Grande Valley. It is a community which has a transient population of â€Å"Winter Texans.† These Winter Texans are generally retirees from the northern states, who come to the warmer climates to escape  the winter weather of their home states, usually between November and March. Harlingen has one mall, two medical hospitals and one mental health state facility, two libraries, one community college and numerous schools from primary to high school levels. Demographic and Epidemiological According to the website, County Health Rankings Roadmaps, for Cameron County in 2014, teen pregnancy is measured by the teen birth rate per 1,000 female population, ages 15-19. The number for Cameron county teen births is 80, the number for Texas as a state is 57. There is poor quality of life in relation to health in Cameron County. 30% of the population has poor or fair health, compared to 18% in Texas. Cameron County also has an adult obesity rate of 27%, 21% of physical inactivity while there is 69% of access to exercise opportunities. 16% of the population suffers from excessive drinking and 396 counts of sexually transmitted infections. 36% of the population is uninsured, 86% graduated high school, 10.5% are unemployed and there are a whopping 48% of children in poverty, which has increased from the 2008-2012 numbers. The top causes of mortality in Texas are diseases of the heart, followed by Cancers and Respiratory diseases. Windshield survey During the observation of Harlingen for the Windshield Survey project, overweight residents were visible. The majority of the population is Hispanics, most were slightly overweight and appear relatively healthy. There are nursing homes and assisted living facilities in the community and they are mainly Hispanic and White older adults who are a mix of thin and frail to obese and unhealthy. Women are seen pushing strollers on the jogging trails, while the young children play in the parks. There are groups of teens who play football and basketball in the same area. In the residential areas, some people can be seen outside maintaining their properties, while other properties are dilapidated. The general appearance of the residents are healthy, with some being overweight. I have seen a few multimedia billboards for the local hospital, which is displaying an ad for bariatric surgery, which is appropriate for the current overweight population. Harlingen has some city parks and Boys and Girls clubs and numerous gyms in the area that are heavily utilized. The restaurants in the  area are mainly along the expressway and lining the few main streets around town. There is no food sold along the street, but people can be seen sitting in the parks eating meals. In Harlingen, the population is overweight Hispanics and Whites who have access to healthcare and wellness measures, as it is advertised constantly. There is adequate transportation and resources available for the population. Problem As stated before, Cameron County has an adult obesity rate of 27%, 21% of physical inactivity while there is 69% of access to exercise opportunities. While the averages for the state of Texas are 29%, 24% and 74%, respectively. Cameron County also has a limited access to healthy foods, 16% and 21% food insecurity and a mere 17% of children are eligible for free lunch. Since Harlingen and Cameron County have high obesity rates compared to the rest of the state, the Healthy People 2020 objectives applicable for Harlingen include: NWS-11 (Developmental) Prevent inappropriate weight gain in youth and adults and NWS-9 Eliminate very low food security among children. (Healthy People 2020, 2014) While these are two distinct objectives they are connected, much education will be need to be done to ensure change. The community needs to be educated and held accountable for their actions, at times they are unaware of how much damage an unhealthy diet can do. The Community Health Nurse must prepare for these challenges and have a good understanding of how to present information that will gain the interest of the population. A community health nurse must be well versed in the numerous efforts that are starting to prevent childhood obesity. There are new physical education requirements, nutrition standards for beverages and foods sold in school, to community initiatives to expand bike paths and improve recreational facilities (Koplan, Liverman Kraak, 2005). â€Å"Families need to make their homes to more conducive to a healthful diet and daily physical activity (Koplan, Liverman Kraak, 2005). The nurse will need to get out to the community via health fairs, school assemblies, media outlets, etc. to get the message out there. Education on making healthy choices, getting adequate exercise and making small adjustments to their daily lives will help. According to the article, Relative and Absolute Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Alternatives Across  Communities in the United States, there was a study that was conducted on 3 years of data from the Bridging the Gap Community Obesity Measures Project. It stated the mean healthier food and beverage ratio was 0.71, meaning that stores averaged 29% fewer healthier than less healthy products. There were less availability of healthy alternatives in Hispanic communities (2014). Summary The community health nurse needs to be an expert in assessing and diagnosing health concerns in the community to be able to set realistic goals that will maintain the health of the population. Health promotion, education and community involvement are crucial. â€Å"Nutritional education is essential and must include parents, teachers, and the child† (Nies McEwen, 2011). The community should know and understand the food pyramid, how to make healthy choices and the importance of balancing intake and exercise. References County Health Rankings Roadmaps. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/texas/2014/rankings/cameron/county/outcomes/overall/snapshot Koplan, J., Liverman, C.T., Kraak, V.I., Institute of Medicine, (.(U.S.). (2005). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Nies, M. A., McEwen, M. (2011). Community/Public Health Nursing (5th ed.). MO: Elsevier. Nutrition and Weight Status. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/nutrition-and-weight-status/objectives United States Census Bureau. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4832372.html Zenk,S.N., Powell, L.M., Rimkus, L., Isgor,Z., Barker,D.C., Ohri-Vachaspati,P., Chaloupka, F. (2014). Relative and Absolute Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Alternatives Across Communities in the United States. American Journal Of Public Health , 104(11), 2170-2178. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014-302113

Canada and NATO :: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO

In the book entitled Canada, NATO and The Bomb: The Western Alliance in Crisis by Tom Keating and Larry Pratt the main issue discussed was Canada’s position in Europe, North America and their view on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It went into specific issues dealing with political tension within Canada and tension outside Canada with other countries. It went through the years of different political parties and how they dealt with the matters of NATO. It states Canada’s opinion dealing with matters such as the alliance, war, and decision making with other countries involved in NATO. The book came across Canada’s decision making as though Canada went along with the decisions made by other countries. Canada, NATO, and The Bomb is not a book to inform it is a history book. It addressed issues that had happened previously and stated the type of involvement Canada had in it. In most cases, a book dealing with these sensitive issues, which involved other countries, would provide the pros and cons but in this case only the cons of NATO and the alliance were provided. This book showed NATO as being an organization that is very unorganized. It came across as though the countries involved did not respect each other’s thoughts and opinions. It dwells on the mistakes made by countries for example the United States, various other European countries. It made it seem as though NATO was in conflict within each other making the organization as a whole seem incapable of compromise and the defence of anything. At many points NATO wanted to vote the United States out of the organization but this obviously never happened. At one point it was a problem â€Å"about the possibility of being dominated and ultimately overwhelmed by too close an association with the United States† (pg.30) for Canada and their relationship. The themes of the book were Canada and its position in NATO and NATO’s and its position in the world. The theme was not presented clearly. One of the points were Canada and the main focus was any and everything but Canada. It stated over and over again that Canada did not approve of very much but that was it. It came across as if Canada was only complaining and nothing was being done. NATO and its position are expressed as only conflicts within the congress. It was giving history presentation information dealing with NATO, its purpose and its views on important topics.

Hamlet Exam Study Guide Essay

What should Hamlet do? Explain the moral theories of each philosopher: Plato, Aristotle and Augustine. For each, determine the right thing for Hamlet to do. Then, assess the prince’s actions from the perspective of each recommendation. Plato Plato’s moral theory consisted of the concept of the soul and the concept of virtue as function. To Plato, the soul has three parts; reason, spirit, and appetite. The reason we do things is to reach a goal or value, our spirit drives us to accomplish our goal, and our desire for things is our appetite. The three virtues that must be fulfilled to reach the fourth, general virtue are temperance, courage, and wisdom, which correlate with the three parts of the soul. In order to achieve inner harmony, every part of the soul must be fulfilling its proper function. In Plato’s theory, Hamlet needs to look at the big picture of achieving inner harmony. In order to reach the goal of achieving inner harmony, Hamlet has to figure out another way of easing his anger other than the vengeance of his uncle. The virtues of temperance, courage, and wisdom need to be incorporated into Hamlet’s actions, and he would be able to reach his inner harmony. By keeping his reason in control of his will and appetites, he can use the dialectic to fulfill the knowledge on how to deal with the situation. Hamlet’s big picture of inner harmony was the death of his uncle. He wasn’t concerned about the consequences he would have to face in result, such as not achieving his goal. He was more concerned about feeding his appetite of revenge, and not re-evaluating his virtuous life. Although he held out on murdering his uncle a couple of times, he was still in rage and trying to please his father’s ghost, whatever the consequences were. He loved his mother, and wanted to save her, but he was more concerned with killing his uncle. Hamlet was not able to achieve inner harmony, since he did not have a proper functioning soul. Aristotle Aristotle’s moral theory involves the idea of living your life to the fullest happiness that can be reached. In order to achieve this final, we need to live a virtuous life according to the Golden mean, which is finding the middle grounds of the virtues we live by. Aristotle explains that we should continuously act in accordance with virtues, which are acquired from our upbringing and experiences. Because Aristotle believed in teleology, he said that by aiming our actions toward an end (happiness), our souls need to work in the way of excellence. Like Plato, Aristotle also gears toward reaching a goal. In order for Hamlet to achieve the goal of happiness, he needs to follow the golden mean to live the ideal life. Hamlet and Aristotle had the same question; what does it mean to be? Hamlet’s famous statement â€Å"to be or not to be† meant he did not know exactly how to put his feelings into action. Is it better to live with the knowing of the murder of his father, or is it better to die in the act of revenge. Aristotle would have Hamlet evaluate how he can fulfill the function of being a good person. To do this, Hamlet needs to act on the rational part of his soul and make the right choice in dealing with his knowledge of his father’s murder. Hamlet needs to live by the virtues of courage, temperance, justice, and wisdom. If Hamlet makes rational decisions based on these virtues, he will understand that he needs to be able to communicate to Claudius and let him know that he will not get away with what he has done. As the Prince, he needs to take action as a ruler and set a good example for the people of Denmark and other kingdoms. Then again, Aristotle gave a pass of negative behavior to the involuntary acts that are done as a result of external compulsion. So, as he may say that everyone has the potential to be good, they may still slip up due to impulses such as revenge against the uncle who killed Hamlet’s father and re-wed his mother. In the act of aiming toward an end, Hamlet may choose whether or not to follow the instrumental road or the intrinsic road. Since Hamlet had a couple of chances to kill the King, he kept holding out until he thought he would have a perfect opportunity. In the beginning, he was following a virtuous life, and toward the end, when he claimed to have â€Å"bloody† thoughts, he was gearing more toward the impulsive irrational part of his soul. He eventually followed this road, but his soul was dying anyways. Augustine In order to have faith, we need to understand the reason for spirituality. To know universal truth, we have to go beyond human reason to discover God. Since the soul cannot find peace among bodily pleasures or sensations, we need to understand what will bring happiness to our lives and how we can succeed as humans. Since God created us, we will find happiness only in him. We have free will to choose the City of God or the City of the World. In choosing the City of God, we are putting our faith in God to guide us to make the right choices in finding happiness, not materialistic things or other people. By devoting our ultimate love to God and having faith that God can provide us with happiness, we can fulfill our destiny. For Augustine, Hamlet needs to start praying. He needs to open his heart and have faith in God to take care of the situation. Since we are Gods people, only God can bring justice. The king may have done something horrible, but he has to answer to God in the end. Hamlet needs to stay on the right track and pray that God can save him from his horrible thoughts of having revenge on the king. God is the only one who can bring happiness to our lives and help us to succeed as humans. Hamlet needs to choose the City of God, and make the right choices to not worry about punishing other people. This is the only way that he will achieve the goal of happiness. Unfortunately, Hamlet did not look to God for the answer. He may have said some prayers, and asked for guidance, but he certainly did not follow what he knew he was supposed to do. Instead, he listened to the ghost of his father and aimed towards revenge. Hamlet may have thought he achieved what he was out to do, but in the end, his mother was poisoned to death, his lover, Ophelia, died along with her brother, Laertes, as well as his other two friends he had killed in England, the king died, and so did Hamlet himself. If he would have put his trust in God to deal with the murder of his father, he could have saved himself along with everyone else he cared so deeply for. God always has a plan.

Middle Class Dillusionment

Progressivism: Middle Class Disillusionment In 1958, a man named George Mowry explains s economic, social, and political divisions of the progressivism movement. The progressivism movement ties in a lot with our society today and shows how history does indeed repeat itself. Mowry describes the good, and bad of progressivism, but emphasizes the bad. Mowry is really trying to exhibit the differences between capitalism and socialism in his essay and explain why progressivism is not good for the well being and future of America, which can be proven today but our economic instability and division as a nation.More importantly however Mowry displays how progressives try to create, â€Å"heaven on earth† by their moral actions. Mowry first describes the type of people who are involved in progressivism. People who were involved in progressivism were the solid middle class, who were intellectual and ethical climate of age, a significant cluster of prejudices and biases, and people who c reated great inventions, beautiful pictures, and the law. The people of the solid middle class were lawyers, newspaper, publishing, independent manufacturers, merchants, medicine, banking, and real-estate.The progressive leaders included the Chicago tribune family, and Charles Evan Hughes, â€Å"if names mean anything, an overwhelming proportion of this reform group came from old American stock with British origins consistently indicated. † More dangerous than rich people who inherited money from their ancestors was their rich youth, â€Å"Obviously this was a period, like the ones after the war of 1812 and 1850’s, when energetic and incautious youth took command. † This is ironic because all of their ancestors earned their money through capitalism and that’s what progressives are trying to take away now.Religious affiliations of the progressivism movement were the woman of the Quaker faith, and Jewish faith. Overall the progressives hated the economic sy stem of capitalism, believed that the wealthy are bad people who we must take away money from and give it to the masses, and most of these people are young. Joseph Medill Patterson, whose godfather founded the Tribune resigned from the Chicago commissions of public works to become a socialist. Patterson believed it was impossible to reform a city under capitalism, â€Å" he announced , it was impossible to reform the city and country under capitalism. Patterson was exemplifying capitalism vs. socialism. Capitalism is the idea that Capital is owned, operated, and traded for the purpose of generating profits for private owners or shareholders. Emphasis on individual profit rather than on workers or society as a whole. On the other hand socialism is according to his/her ability, to each according to his contribution. Emphasis on profit being distributed among the society or workforce in addition to receiving a wage. Today we can see many links between capitalism and socialism.Our gove rnment today is run on progressivism/ socialist ideals. President Barack Obama has several plans and ideas to help the poor by giving them the money of the rich people, and supplying them with health care (obamacare) and so on. Progressives wanted to help people, they wanted to help the poor, this was not morally wrong but many other people saw that this was hurting our economy. Our government is socialist/ progressive because they want to have government control over other money and they want to have the ability to decide where that money goes.But you can’t just do that. If those people earned their wealth they should have every right to keep it, they should not be entitled to try to help the poor. Furthermore during this time of the progressivism movement there were many Democrat-republicans who supported the idea of progressivism. Some of those commonly known leaders are Theodore Roosevelt, Robert La Follete, Lincoln Steffens, Willam Allen White, Woodrow Wilson, John Johns on, and Hooke Smith of Georgia. Another group of people who were making a movement was populism.Populism were a group of people who were economically secured, well educated, middle class group who arose from farmer distress in a period of acute depression. â€Å" According to William Allen White, populism had ‘shaved its whiskers, washed its shirt, put on a derby, and moved up into the middle class†¦ populism arose from a farmer distress in a period of acute depression. Its reforms were belly reforms. The movement was led by angry men and woman not too far removed from the Grange hall. The motivation of these farmers was heart.They believed its not fair to take farm land and stick a bunch of windmills on there, not only was it not fair but it also made the agriculture business lose money. In a specific case California lost money for putting up windmills in farmer land and turning the production of agriculture into a nominal size. This idea of motivation of heart also rel ates to today because our motivation for supplying all of this aid comes from heart, because we believe it isn’t fair that one shouldn’t have medical care, or food etc.However there are just some gray areas to this plan that need to be filled and that is what in term ends up costing us millions. Another important point that Mowry discusses is the rise of industrial and commercial cities. The positive things about the rise of these cities are that it was, â€Å" a refuge from an ugly country side and hostile natural environment†, and it also provided a place of excitement and opportunities. In contrast to the positive things were the negative things.The negative things about the rise of industrial and commercial cities is that its, â€Å"Devils berg of crimes†, successful= financial workers and failures if they remained family workers. It also created an anti-urban feeling which romanticized pioneer past and agrarian background, involved western stories an d virtues of the countryside. Miss. Glasgow believed, â€Å"Country was the world as God has planned it, the city as man had made it. † There was definitely some mixed feelings between the citizens about urban and a city lifestyle. Mowry described the income people had into three categories.The first category was the upper-class which we defined as, â€Å"people who had more money than was good for them†. The middle class were those who had just enough and the lower class were those who had much less than was morally good for them. In regards to these three categories each community made artificial arrangements by property, classical economic laws repeatedly described in the past as natural had become artificial and progressives had destroyed the popular sanction behind the laws of rent, prices and wages. In response to the actions of the progressives came the enforcement and rise of labor unions.Mowry viewed the labor unions as a menace not only to the employer but to the entire community, the small employer and many middle class professional unions gave the same results of industrial monopoly. The labor unions made a steady decrease in opportunities for the individual operating as an individual, thus putting an end to open society, and putting the burden of the industrial revolution upon the middle class. In an attempt to rebuttal the vicious attack of the labor union on progressives the progressives created a co operation of progressive and organized labor.This operation left only the progressives to lead. The captain of industry and labor boss was standard. Monopolistic closed shop was an abomination not to be tolerated with or without the government and progressives became a majority. The progressives were motivated by fear and confidence to exceed any other group. They believed that they were â€Å"The good men†, â€Å"The better element†, â€Å"The moral crowd† because of the fact that they believed in helping people. The progressives planned to increase the number of â€Å"large hearted men† to counteract the class organization of both capital and labor.The progressives believed that gaining more support from others would make them the majority and be favored, loved, and even looked up too. The progressives wanted to eliminate capitalism and labor unions. The progressives were strong for fighting back against the mass numbers of capitalists and labor unions, but fight they did and they did not back down. Although the intentions of progressives were morally correct it was not economically correct for the success and future of America.Our government and administrators today might believe that what they are doing is right for the people but they have to also consider what is right for our nation. The way Mowry described the mentality of progressives can be used to describe the mentality of some of our administrators today, â€Å"Reactionary and reform impulse, a desire to create heaven on e arth, moral superiority is greater than our economy, and lastly individualism dynamism and leadership. † These are the characteristics of progressives today and of 1958. It is true that history repeats itself.