Monday, May 25, 2020

The Indian Constitution in Achieving Justice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2715 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Justice Essay Did you like this example? CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS The Preamble to the Indian Constitution invokese`justice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Social, economic and political)) as a core principle. Victimes of crime being components of criminal justice are, therefore, also entitled to share the promises of social justice contained in the Constitution. Novel concept of victomology is a step in the direction of fulfilling the avowed promises made by the framers of the Constitution. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Indian Constitution in Achieving Justice" essay for you Create order The corpus juries of India is bereft of statutory awareness of victomology in any significant measure. So far the present law being seemingly inadequate and fragmentary in nature, real justice to victims appears a distant possibility. The answer could lie in attributing a more active role to the State, more so when it claims to be a Welfare State Therefore it is submitted that the State compensation scheme à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢should be introduced for the victims. However, it should be confined 10 more violent crimes only. The motion of compensation is a sound one and a society that recognises this responsibility to its members is an incentive for law enforcement. But before making such an attempt the very basis and need for compensation has to be considered. Is compensation a right or is it to be awarded in extreme need . Should courts prescribe a. maximum or minimum quantum of award ? Should specialized bodies conduct the proceedings ? These are some of the significant questions th at require suitable answers. However, in compensation settlement the community should not be the end sufferer. Retribution should be within limits, and for this purpose the victim-offender relationship can be studied to bridge the gap between the two. In any case the offender should not be the one to gain. Tangible community assistance could dilute the retaliatory desire of the victim of crime. Various compensation schemes of other countries can help in understanding the issues but they are not exactly viable in our own criminal justice system. Under our system offence is regarded as state. The whole problem underlying our compensation law is the inability to meet the rescues of it in the light our socio-economic environment. Compensation means funds and mobilisation of the same and earmarking overruns for payment is a major need. Then there are crimes that cannot be measured or made up in. terms of monetary compensation especially in cases of rape that affects the victim psyc hologically as well as physically. In the words of the apply court of the land itself. In our society, besides the stigma. The practical problem. which comes on fore as aftermath of rape is loneliness and desertion by the husband and the family. This is more true in rural areas of the country. consequently such a woman is left to starve, and thrown into the damage of repletion of the crime on her again and again. It is true that no amount of money can repair the chastity which is the most precious asset of an Indian woman, nevertheless if sufficient compensation is granted to her, not depend on others. There is another aspect of the problem two which is singularly peculiar.to the countries like India only. It may be suspi.ring to the literate world community that the case of rape on a minor girl of 11 years is taken cognizance of by the village Panchayat itself and the accused is ordered to pay Rs. 1,000/- only by way of compensation or fine. The victims family was also satisf ied with the decision of the Panchayat. It was only owing to the familiar or inability of the offender to pay even the said meager amount that the case went to the police. Still more, a legal aspect commented with the problem under consideration is whether the courts, while acting under Section 357 of the Cr.P.C., can award interim payment. to the victim. AS noted earlier the law on the point is still not settled. To wit in the Prathinam3 case, and the Bodhisattawa4 case the Supreme Court awarded compensation and interim (WAii maintenance. But in A.K. Singh v. Uttarkhand Jan Morch5 the Supreme Court set aside compensatin awarded by the High Court for molestation in a PIL pending prosecution but granted liberty to aggrieved person to approach the competent court for compensation. A.nd in Mukashbhai Nanubhat Patil v. State of Gufraj.,6 the Gujarat High Court has confined the Bodhisattawas case to the facts of that case and set aside the order granting interim mainemance pending tri al. It would have been better that the Bodhisathawa opinion would have been allowed to prevail but failing which it is submitted that in crimes against women certain mandatory compensation programme must be formulated. In this connection it may also be pointed out that it is increasingly observed that laws enacted for the benefit for all women are misused by a few. There seems to be an alarming tendency of late, for the threat of sexual harassment to be used by women as a weapon to achieve certain ends, be they monetary or emotional or even marital. But this ultimately rebounds to the disadvantage, unfortunately, of all women. Men (and there are more hesitate to employ females, for fear of such (sometimes) unwarranted charges It is, therefore, submitted that laws protecting women must not be abused through false charges. It may not be out of place to point out that rape is not uncommon in cases of mob violence (or riots) coupled with a large number of other offences. Que stion of compensation to victims of such violence has not been .dealt with in the present study as mob violence usually goes unpunished. Criminal justices are not unanimous on the question as to whether it is out laws that allow mob violence to go unpunished. But the fact remains that the victim of crime in such cases also becomes a victim at the hands of the investigator. The judge trying the accused in the Best. egt;e)-611 Bakery Case acquitted all of them : the most recent and notorious instance of mob violence going unpunished. This aspect, indeed deserves a separate study. India needs victim compensation programme, the present law being inadequate is the light of the vast scope of the subject. However, to draft such a programme is not an easy task, and a variety of issues will have to be addressed to. Some of the more important of them may be referred to as below (i) The failure of the criminal justice systems in certain counties to pay compensation to the victims. (ii ) The thought that the State which lays down rules of behaviour should not only punish violation theory but also ensure compensation to compensates helps liberate victims from feelings of injustice and from thoughts of revenge. (iv) The financial outlay would be better spent on preventing crime by augmenting police manpower, more and better technical .aids for the police. State has a. duty to give priority to this task rather than to remedy the effects of crime. Prevention and enforcement are to be considered more important than post facto remedial action. As such compensation schemes are in the form of State patronage, they might lead to increase in crime, since offenders would lose all sense of responsibility and would not longer care about the victims fate. This is far from being accepted by any country. (vi) State compensation schemes, especially if they covered damage to property, would make potential efforts. The victim would no longer have any incentive to cooperate in the prosecution of the offender. (vii) A comprehensive plan must be based on the conclusion that the government has failed in its responsibility of protecting its citizens from crime. (viii) Compensation must be available to all victims of crime issespective of the fact whether the accused is convicted or not, or that he cannot be traced. (ix) All expenses incurred such as medical bills and loss of wages must be covered. (x) Any effective compensation plan must provide for a speedy system of compensation. The responsibility of judicial and administrative process to the wants of the victim may be by: (a) Informing victims of their role and the scope and progress of the proceedings and of the disposition of their cases, especially where serious crimes are involved and where they have requested for such information; (b) Allowing the view and concern of victims to be presented and considered at appropriate stages of the proceedings where their personal interes ts are affected, without prejudice to the accused and consistent with the relevant national criminal justice system (c) Providing proper assistance to victims throughout the legal process; (d) Taking measures to minimise inconvenience to victims, protect their privacy when necessary, and ensure their safety, as well as that of their families and witnesses on their behalf from intimidation and retaliation-, and (e) Avoiding unnecessary delay in the disposal of cased and the execution of orders or decrees granting awards to victims. Informal mechanisms of the resolution of disputes, including mediation, arbitration and customary justice or indigenous practices, should he utilised where appropriate to facilitate conciliation and redress for victims. When compensation is not their: (i) Victimes who are injured badily in serious crimes; and (ii) The family, in particular dependents on the person who have died or had been injured badly. The establishment of fund s should be their for the compensation of the victim.Police, justice, health, social service and other should be provided training. CHAPTER VII CONCULUSION AND SUGGESTIONS Social justice is the goal of law so been found under Indian. consititution . lgnorance is the enemy of this truth. Victims of crime beging component of criminal justice constitution. Novel concept of victimiology is a step towards fulfilling the avowed promises made by our constitution makers. The corpus juris of India is bereft of statutory awareness of victimiology in any significant measure. So far the present law seemingly inadequate and fragmentary in nature, justice seems a distant possibility. The answer could lie in attributing a more active role to the State. it has been suggested that State compensation scheme be introduce, but such be confined to violent crimes only. The notion of compensation is a sound concept and a society that recognises the responsibility it over to its members i s an incentive for law- enforcement. But for doing such thevery basis and need for compensation has to v-4 be considered -is it a right? Or is it to be awarded in extreme need? Should courts prescribe a maximum or minimum award? Should specialized bodies conduct the proceeding? But in compensation settlement the community should not be the end sufferer. Retribution should be within limits, and for such the victim-offender relationship can be studied to bridge the gap between the two. However the offender should not be the one to gain. Tangible community assistance could dilute. he retaliatory desire of the victim of crime. The victim compensation scheme in India in inefficient and inadequate understanding of different victim compensation scheme of various countries can help in understanding the issues but they are not exactly viable in our own criminal justice mean.4srft-Iflis-.4- barrier to recover compensation. In our below the poverty line economy with majority of crimin als from such a background, compensation recovery is but an unequal provision that benefits those with financial means and seems unrealistic in our majority poor society with little material benefits. Injury as to financial status seems to be a good alternative, but the victim can turn out to be the looser. The whole problem ingrained in our compensation law is the inability to meet the essence of it in light of our socioeconomic environment. Compensation means funds and mobilisaion of such and earmarking avenues for payment is a major need, victim compensation of such and earmarking avenues for payment is a major need. Victim compensation is a new horizon is settling claims for losses incurred and quenching the thirst for retribution, the reformative basis of such a punishment is debatable, but what cannot be questioned is the novelty of this. There are crimes that cannot be measured or made up in terms of monetary compensation especially in cases of rape that affects t he victim psychologically as much as physically. which the victim of the crime undergoes in our society or the stigma which a women feels after being victimised of rape is ineffable but the practical problemk which comes on fore as aftermath of rape is loneliness and desertion by husband and family. Consequently a woman is left to starve, just due to being victimised and now she is left in such a condition where there may be chances it is true that money can not repair the chastity and purity which is most precious asset of Indian women, nevertheless if sufficient compensation is granted to her, she would not depend on mercy to any body. Therefore in crimes against women, mandatory compensation programme be formulated. India needs victim compensation programmes, the present law being inadequate in light of the vast scope of this subject. to draft such programme is not an easy task, and a variety of issues will have to be studied. Its about time? somebody paid attention to t he crime victim The growing victimization rates is not met with resources as practices focus exclusively on the offender. The victim is thus left to recover himself. It is this paradox in the victim offender relationship that needs to be removed. The society is not to comaflague the bad but to help the good flourish, and this should be the essence behind augmenting and facilitating the need for an extensive victim compensation programme. The failure of the criminal justice systems in the various countries of the (I world to pay compensation to the victims. The thought that the state which lays down rules of behaviour should not only punish violation, thereof but also insure compensation to victims of such violation, and if the state prohibits all private revenge, it should compensate the victim of a crime the perpetration of which it failed to prevent, and if the state introduces new criminal measures, it should also shoulder the responsibilities if they prove ineffective. The emphasis on the theory that compensation and restitution are extremely desirable in the interests of equity and social solidarity and compensation should helps liberate victims from feelings of injustice and from thoughts of revenge. The financial outlay would be better spent on preventing crime by augmenting police manpower, more and better technical aids for the police. The state has a duty to give priority to this task rather than to remedy the effects of crime. Prevention and enforcement are to be considered more important than post facto remedial action. As such schemes are a form of state paternal, they might lead to increase in crime, as offenders would lose all sense of responsibility and no longer care about their victimss fate. This is far from being accepted by any country. State compensation schemes, especially if they covered damage to property, would make the potential victims careless and discourage prevention efforts. The victim would no longer have any incentive to cooperate in the prosecution of the offender. A compensation plan must be based on the conclusion that the government has failed in its responsibility of protecting its citizens from crime. Compensation must be available to all victims of crime. All expenses incurment such as medical bills and loss of wages must be covered. An effective compensation plan must provide for a speedy system of compensation. One of the stumbling blocks in the implementation of such programmes is the financial constraint of the state. It can be modestly estimated that at least in 50% of pending criminal cases victims of crime may be eligible to get compensation. The amount of compensation to the victims of a case could range from rupees one thousand to rupees one lakh (Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 100,000). The appropriate number of criminal cases pending in different courts in India is about five million. Out of them in at least 2% million cases victims maybe eligible to claim compensation. If compensation on an average is calculated at he rate of Rs. 5,000 per case, the minimum requirement to meet the demand would be Rs. 1,250 crores at present. In Kerala alone for example, the total number of pending criminal cases is 2,24,428 as on 31.7.1996. Out of it, in 1,12,214 cases compensation at the rate of 126,

Thursday, May 14, 2020

My Experience At The High School As A Substitute Teacher

It has been a long road over the past seventeen years, to get to where I am now. Choosing to go to school, you would have thought would have been a no-brainer. As a young adult I never really looked beyond the day I was in. I have been through many jobs in my life, I made it a career in changing careers. The jobs I took never felt like more than just a paycheck. Most of the jobs I had I would end up in a year or so hating going to work. I would literally dread going in or even thinking about having to work there. Then I found what I would call the light going on job where I felt different, I started working at the High school as a Substitute teacher. I came to the job because I was working as an LNA, I had changed my hours to only work on the weekends. The county changed their policies, I lost my insurance, so I went per diem. As an on call LNA I received no hours, I needed money and fast. Someone told me to be a sub at the school, no education needed and they are always looking for help. I worked a lot as a substitute, mostly for paraprofessionals in the high school. One of the case managers that I worked with a lot liked what she saw and encouraged me to go for the open position, I was interviewed before the interview if that makes any sense at all. I was working in the classroom with a difficult student, the director of special education just happen to be in the room that day observing the case manager. Well, I assume she liked what she saw as well, because when IShow MoreRelatedTeaching Certificate For Special Education936 Words   |  4 PagesEven at high school graduation there was no definite decision and too much left to explore. Later, after years of working in schools as a volunteer, substitute teacher, and tutor, I had not considered the field of special education. However, six months ago I accepted an offer to work as an exceptional children teaching assistant. 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Teachers should therefore be actively involved in preparing their students to be tolerant to this change and teaching them h ow to interact in a diverse environment. As teachers, we find ourselves in this uniqueRead MoreSummary Of The Story Gryphon By Charles Baxter1190 Words   |  5 Pages The short story Gryphon by Charles Baxter is about a substitute teacher that challenges the way the children in the classroom usually think and encourages them to think with their imagination. Growing up, I also had a teacher that challenged me to think creatively as well. She inspired me to work hard and learn as much as I could. Both the story and my personal life have strong influences of a teacher wanting to better the student’s life in an unconventional way. The story starts withRead MoreThe Errors Of Judgment That Stood Out994 Words   |  4 Pagesto hurt feelings, resentment, and lack of communication. 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My overnight stay there, seeing others battling depression, was enough for me to realizeRead MoreInvestigating Meaningful Teaching1044 Words   |  5 PagesFramework SPE-330 May 26, 2011 Investigating Meaningful Teaching Investigating what meaningful teaching is it is having teachers that are willing to teach to the whole student by having patience, compassion and developing a meaningful relationship with their students. Being a positive influence and having effective classroom management. An effective teacher is a teacher that wears many hats such as a coach, actor, cheerleader and friend. Having the ability to read their moods, body language,Read MorePersonal Narrative Rough Draft : Choosing A Career Is Not An Easy Task864 Words   |  4 Pagesin the back of my mind I would always say a teacher because I come from a long history of teachers in my family. One of my grandpas was a high school math teacher along with coaching the football team. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 960 Words

Among the science fiction genre, Ray Bradbury’s â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† is an ever-flickering flame that refuses to be doused. With haunting artistry, Bradbury paints a desolate world of alienated, mechanized human beings who are more connected to their television screen â€Å"families† than they are to the spouses with whom they share a pillow at night. As the protagonist, Guy Montag, so evocatively states, â€Å"There are billions of us and that’s too many. Nobody knows anyone.† The advancement of technology, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451† suggests, has paradoxically spurred the deterioration of communication. Bradbury poignantly exposes this dismal fact in one of the novel’s first scenes, when Montag first befriends Clarisse McClellan, the seventeen-year-old dreamer in a world of automatons. While Clarisse romanticizes about archaic front porches built for the sole purpose of socialization and confesses that her own family regularly trades in sleep for conversation, Montag interjects, â€Å"What do you talk about?† Throughout the novel, Clarisse is the rare seedling of hope in Montag’s barren world. As the amity between the two characters strengthens and Clarisse revels in catching a glimpse of the man on the moon and tilting her head back to taste the rain, Montag is finally jolted awake. At last, he begins to look — really look — at the world around him. And the result is astonishing: for the first time in his life, he truly feels something. As his perception finally clears and he absorbs hisShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the bo ok, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words   |  8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extremely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. 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Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1544 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury, the author of Fahrenheit 451, expresses his perspective on life in an interview. His interview contains a common theme: Do what you love, and love what you do (Bradbury). Bradbury sends a message in his interview that people should love life, and live to the fullest because he believes life is a beautiful thing. Although Bradbury no longer can demonstrate his love for life his message still lives in the pages of Fahrenheit 451. The Government of the society in the novel has told their

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Culture and Crime in Society free essay sample

Culture and Crime in Society Culture as a set of practices formed among individuals that form a given society has been cultivated and formed over time. The accepted cultural practices can often have positive and negative impact on not just what is perceived acceptable and appropriate in a society, but also can influence rate of certain crimes. Culture as a collection of practices, rituals, goals, values, and customs of a given society is formed over many years. There are many different historical elements that have a great deal of influence upon its formation at times.There are also practices that may be formed due to geographical and physical characteristics of environment. Whatever causes formation of a certain series of practices and beliefs, it is formed over often a lengthy period of time and one can even say that a given culture is always in process of formation. There are times that political powers and/or ideologies may exert a great deal of influence, yet at other times a philosophical or religious doctrine might be a dominating factor. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture and Crime in Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Society on the other hand is a collection of individuals that are in constant direct or indirect interaction.Interactions of people forming a given society happen in context of their culture. Culture as a context for a community applies either directly or indirectly a frame-work for attitudes and manners of exchanges experienced on daily basis. Granted that a wide range of behaviors are developed over time as mentioned which leads to formation of a culture, yet as generations pass by roots of a given practice or even the value of a given protocol of interaction among people may become forgotten or even ignored.As even longer period of time passes, one can recognize many behaviors are not merely based on one’s conscious decision, but rather due to an unconscious learned behavior from the culture itself. Cultural role and influence may have both positive and negative consequences for an individual and society. Here is where one can notice differences in what may be considered a crime in a part of the world and as a common and expected behavior elsewhere. One may notice certain crimes are rather popular in a given society and even at times ignored by justice system.Culture and social values that have been formed plays a key role in what may be considered a crime. This is not to say that all aspects of a given culture have such negative impact such as committing a crime and not even call it a crime. There are also many positive consequences of this phenomena that lead to lowering certain crime rates as well. For instance, let us consider how men view women in Middle East in contrast with Western World. In East family ties have a great deal of importance and hence relationship of a son to his mother and sister is much closer than in the west, relatively speaking. A young man is not expected to leave his parents home once he reaches age of maturity and adulthood, frankly it is expected for him to continue to live with his parents until he is about to get married. It would be unusual for an adult single male to live alone. It would give the impression that he is not close to his family, and this expression is quite displeasing to family, friends, and society. Adult single male is expected to take care of his parents and sisters and always be there for their protection and support.When such a young man views another female in society, very often he treats her with respect; simply because he thinks of her as someone’s mother and/or sister and knowing the value of that he ought to be supportive and protective of the female. This cultural disposition leads to decreased rate of sexual assaults committed by men in that region of the world. In contrast, females are being looked at as sex objects in the West. A simple review of advertising methods and practices clarifies the common saying that â€Å"sex sells†.Women are looked at as sex objects and this also has an adverse effect of women’s perception of themselves. As males reach adulthood can not wait to get out of their parents home and create and independent dwelling place. A man seems weak to his family and friends, if he is 29 years old and still lives with his parents. In brief, in West if a male given appropriate context tells a woman that she looks sexy in a particular dress, this is taken as a complement, yet in the Middle East such statement is very inappropriate, disrespectful, and even offensive in any context and situation. One can easily even predict a relative higher number of sex crimes in the West due to such cultural disposition. Societies function based on norms that have developed due to diverse influences over time. Culture places certain values on various behaviors that influence what may be viewed as crime. This shows a clear relationship between certain crime rates and its fluctuations in different societies.